A model, not a monitor. This runs a scaled simulation of PostgreSQL in your browser — it is not live data from any database. Twelve backends stand in for a full connection set, 48 frames for the whole buffer pool, and the rates are slowed so the mechanisms are watchable. Explore the full 3D city.
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CLIENTS (your application) — Connections arrive from outside the server. Each one is a socket held for the whole session, not a request that comes and goes.
POSTMASTER (the supervisor) — The supervisor process forks one backend per accepted connection, then steps out of the data path. It never reads or writes your tables itself.
BACKENDS (one process per connection) — One operating-system process serves one connection. It parses, plans and executes your statement, and it is the process that writes WAL for its own transaction.
BUFFER POOL (shared_buffers) — Shared memory holding fixed-size page frames. Every read and every write goes through a frame here; a page changed in memory is dirty until something writes it back to storage.
WAL (pg_wal) — The write-ahead log. A change is durable once its WAL record is flushed here — before the changed data page has gone anywhere. That is the rule the whole design rests on.
ARCHIVE (completed segments) — Finished WAL segments are copied off the machine. Together with a base backup they are what makes point-in-time recovery possible.
MAINTENANCE (checkpointer · bgwriter · autovacuum) — The checkpointer writes every dirty page at a checkpoint; the background writer trickles some out ahead of it; autovacuum reclaims row versions no transaction can still see.
STORAGE (the data directory) — Heap files and indexes on disk. Memory ends and durable storage begins here, which is why the ground is cut away above it.
STANDBY (streaming replica) — A second server replaying the primary’s WAL as it arrives. Replication ships the log, never the buffer pool, so the replica rebuilds the same pages from the same records.
A statement travels client → backend → buffer pool. A change is made to a page in shared memory and its WAL record is written; the transaction commits only once that record is flushed to durable storage. The changed page itself is still in memory at that point, and reaches the data directory later — at a checkpoint, through the background writer, or because another backend needed its frame. The standby receives the log, not the pages.
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